Ivan Penn

About 600,000 Northern California customers, including some in the San Francisco Bay Area, were without power Thursday morning. Gov. Gavin Newsom said Wednesday the company’s decision was “appropriate under the circumstances.” But he also criticized the company for not investing enough in safety and infrastructure upgrades.

The utility has been found responsible for about two dozen wildfires and filed for bankruptcy protection in January. PG&amp;E; has said it could face up to $30 billion in liabilities for fires started by its equipment in recent years.

Separately, Southern California Edison, the state’s second-largest investor-owned utility after PG&amp;E;, said Thursday that it was considering cutting power to almost 174,000 customers in nine counties, including Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino.

Why did the PG&amp;E; blackout affect so many customers?

PG&amp;E; has said it acted after its meteorologists noticed a threat of strong winds in up to 34 California counties. The National Weather Service also issued a fire weather watch for those areas.

The utility resorts to blackouts when certain conditions are met. Sustained winds have to reach at least 25 mph with gusts of at least 45 mph. Vegetation in and around its power lines has to be dry and the humidity low. And the Weather Service has to issue a “red flag” warning about the risks of wildfires.

Strong winds and dry conditions have been implicated in several major California wildfires started by utility equipment. PG&amp;E; has said that one of its transmission lines probably started the state’s largest wildfire, known as the Camp Fire, which killed at least 85 people and destroyed the town of Paradise in November.

How did the company decide which areas would lose electricity?

PG&amp;E; has said that weather forecasts were the most important criteria it used to decide which areas would lose power. But the company has also shut off power in some areas that might not experience adverse weather. That is because the power lines serving those areas are connected to lines and other equipment located in places with strong winds and dry conditions.

Critics of PG&amp;E;, including some state lawmakers, have said that the company might have blacked out more customers than necessary to reduce the risk of wildfires. State Sen. Jerry Hill, a Democrat from the Bay Area, sent a letter venting his frustration to the California Public Utilities Commission, which will review whether PG&amp;E;’s actions were warranted.

“Today marks an unprecedented turn in the history of electricity service in California,” Hill wrote. He said that safety shut-offs “must be a surgical, last-resort measure.”

Does this have anything to do with the company’s bankruptcy?

Not directly. The power shut-offs are part of PG&amp;E;’s wildfire safety program, which the utility developed in response to rules the state put into place after the devastating 2017 wildfires in California’s prized wine country.

Lawmakers required the state’s utilities to submit plans to help prevent wildfires. PG&amp;E; proposed several measures, including shutting off power when wildfire risk was elevated. Another utility, San Diego Gas &amp; Electric, has used this approach for years.

The safety measures were intended to prevent wildfires and to keep the utilities from financial ruin by limiting their liability for the damage caused by their equipment. In its bankruptcy case, PG&amp;E; has been seeking to resolve wildfire damage claims from thousands of homeowners, insurance companies and others.

How long will the blackout last?

PG&amp;E;’s internal models and forecasts from the National Weather Service indicate that the extreme weather conditions could last through Friday. PG&amp;E; said it had restored service to about 126,000 customers. But 600,000 were still without power Thursday morning, and thousands more could still lose electricity.

Before restoring power, PG&amp;E; will have to inspect its equipment for damage and make any necessary repairs. That process cannot begin until the severe weather has passed, the company said.

PG&amp;E; may be able to restore power to some areas quickly, while other places could be without electricity for days.

This article originally appeared in

The Questions Surrounding California's PG&E Outage

Pacific Gas &amp; Electric’s unusual decision to cut power to hundreds of thousands of customers in Northern California to reduce the risk of wildfires has angered many residents and lawmakers. Many of them have questioned whether the company made the right call.

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Ivan Penn

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The Questions Surrounding California's PG&E Outage