The 47-year-old replaces Adam Nawalka, whose highly-fancied national squad were eliminated in the group stage of the World Cup in Russia.
Former Poland captain Brzeczek takes over as coach
Former Polish international Jerzy Brzeczek was appointed head coach of the national team, the country's football association announced on Thursday.
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Brzeczek was a midfielder who captained Poland, won 42 caps, scored four goals and was part of the team that were runners-up at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona.
He played for a string of Polish and Austrian clubs and had a stint with Maccabi Haifa in a 20-year career.
After retiring he became a coach and led Wisla Plock to a fifth-placed finish in the Polish league last season.
His first match will be away to Italy on September 7 in the new UEFA Nations League.
Nawalka has said he feels responsible for the World Cup disappointment and will stand down as Poland manager on July 30.