The Portuguese striker leapt to the back post to get on the end of left-back Alex Sandro's cross, scoring a dazzling header which showed he still has his famed athleticism at the age of 34.
The win takes Juventus to 42 points, and above Inter Milan in the Italian top flight.
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Meanwhile Sampdoria remain on 15 points in 17th, with Brescia in the relegation zone below them on 13 points with a game in hand.
Ronaldo leapt onto the end of the left-back Alex Sandro's cross which found its way to the back post just before the half-time whistle. The forward was reported to have remained airborne for one and a half seconds, and reached a height of two and a half metres by some accounts
He rose above the Sampdoria defender Nicola Murru, who at 25 is nearly a decade his junior, and hammered the ball into the far top-left corner of the net past Emil Audero.
The goal marked Ronaldo's 12th competitive effort for Juventus this season and his 40th from 63 competitive appearances for the Italian club. He now has 613 senior goals in total from 826 matches.