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Antoine Griezmann and Saul Niguez scored for Diego Simeone's side, while the visitors had Djene Dakonam and Leandro Cabrera dismissed late on - both for two bookable offences.
Atletico have lost just once in the 20 league games this season.
Antoine Griezmann fetched the opener for the hosts in the 27th minute with a low finish on the edge of the box after he was beautifully set-up by Thomas Partey's sleek through pass.
Diego Simeone's men sealed the victory 10 minutes later after a rebound fell kindly to Saul Niguez who fired home from close range.
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Partey lasted the entire duration of the match as the Madrid-based side picked their 44th-point of the campaign.
Sevilla moved above Real Madrid into third place in the table after thrashing Levante 5-0.
Wissam Ben Yedder, Andre Silva, Franco Vazquez, Pablo Sarabia and Quincy Promes all netted for the hosts.
Barca travel to Girona on Sunday (kick-off 15:15 GMT) and Real face Espanyol