Pancreatic cancer: Causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment

Cancer can develop in both the enzyme-producing cells (exocrine cells) which is most common, and in the hormone-producing cells (endocrine cells) of the pancreas.

Causes of pancreatic cancer The exact causes of pancreatic cancer are not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified:

Causes

Smoking: Tobacco use is one of the most significant risk factors.
Age: Most people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are over the age of 45.
Family history: Having a family history of pancreatic cancer or certain genetic disorders can increase risk.
Obesity: Being overweight increases the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Chronic pancreatitis: Long-term inflammation of the pancreas is linked with a higher risk.
Diabetes: People with diabetes have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
Diet: A diet high in red and processed meats may increase risk, whereas a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower risk.
Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol use can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which in turn may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Symptoms

Pain in the upper abdomen that may radiate to the back
Loss of appetite
Significant weight loss
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
New-onset diabetes
Itchy skin
Changes in stool color or consistency
Nausea and vomiting
Enlarged gallbladder (felt as a mass under the right rib cage, often detected by a physician)
Fatigue

If someone experiences these symptoms, especially multiple symptoms together, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Prevention tips

While there's no surefire way to prevent pancreatic cancer, certain lifestyle choices can reduce risk.

Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and minimizing processed meats are recommended. Regular exercise and limiting alcohol intake can also help in lowering the risk.

Early detection and diagnosis

Early detection of pancreatic cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes, though it's challenging due to subtle symptoms.

If you have a family history or other risk factors, discuss regular screenings with your doctor. Imaging tests like CT scans, MRIs, and endoscopic ultrasounds are commonly used for diagnosis.

Current treatment options

Treatment for pancreatic cancer depends on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as your overall health. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are the main treatments.

For some, a combination of these treatments is used. Research and clinical trials are continuously evolving, offering hope through new treatments like targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Managing pancreatic cancer

Living with pancreatic cancer requires effective pain management, nutritional support, and possibly lifestyle adjustments to handle treatment side effects.

Support from healthcare providers, counselors, and support groups can also play a crucial role in managing the disease.