Under-strength West Indies eye win against Sri Lanka
Russell bowled just five balls before leaving the field in West Indies' one-wicket loss in the opening game of the series on Sunday.
He had top-scored for his team with 41 as they made 159-8 off 26 overs, but the hosts in Colombo secured victory with seven balls to spare.
Russell's absence proved costly for West Indies, according to captain Jason Holder.
"We were short a bowler and short crucial overs from a front-line bowler," he said afterwards.
"We had to find some way to make up. The only way we could fight our way back into the game was by getting wickets.
"We got wickets and had to bowl our best bowlers before the allotted overs."
Sunil Narine (3-21) was the standout for West Indies, who were left to rue their failure with the bat.
Only three players " Russell, Darren Bravo (38) and Holder (36) " managed to reach double figures with the bat.
Tillakaratne Dilshan made 59 opening for Sri Lanka, setting up their victory.
Holder was unsure how long Russell would be sidelined when asked after the first ODI.
"He's injured, but I don't really know the extent of his injury at this point in time," he said.
"I guess we've got to assess over the next few days and see where he's at leading up to the second one-dayer."
West Indies need a win on Wednesday to keep the three-match series alive, even if they are without Russell.
Sri Lanka got multiple contributions from their batsmen, while Suranga Lakmal (3-15) starred with the ball.